Biology is the branch of science that studies living organisms and life processes. It explores how living things are structured, how they function, grow, evolve, and interact with their environment. Major branches of biology include: Botany – study of plants Zoology – study of animals Microbiology – study of microorganisms Genetics – heredity and variation Cell biology – structure and function of cells Ecology – interaction of organisms with their environment Human biology – structure and functions of the human body Biology is essential for understanding health, disease, agriculture, conservation, and biotechnology. Its goal is to explain life processes and apply this knowledge to improve living conditions and protect the environment.